Language: Proto-Kam-Sui
Source/Author: | Graham Thurgood |
Identifiers: | ISO-639-3: Glottocode: kams1241 |
Notes: | Source: Thurgood, Graham. 1988. "Notes on the reconstruction of Proto-Kam-Sui." In Jerold A. Edmondson and David B. Solnit (eds.), Comparative Kadai: Linguistic studies beyond Tai, 179-218. Summer Institute of Linguistics Publications in Linguistics, 86. Dallas: Summer Institute of Linguistics and the University of Texas at Arlington.
Proto-Kam-Sui tones:
1 = Tone *A, voiceless
2 = Tone *A, voiced
3 = Tone *C, voiceless
4 = Tone *C, voiced
5 = Tone *B, voiceless
6 = Tone *B, voiced
7 = Tone *D, voiceless
8 = Tone *D, voiced
|
Problems: | Thurgood's reconstructions are still preliminary and are derived from limited data sets. |
Data Entry: | Typed By: Andrew C. Hsiu Checked By: |
Statistics: |
-
Total Data: 128
- Number of Retentions:
- Number of Loans: 5
|
Classification: | Tai-Kadai:Kam-Tai:Kam-Sui |
Map | Sorry, no map co-ordinates found for this language. |
Resources:
Change History:
Showing 3 of 7 entries. Show ALL logged changes
- Changed #183806 from "*dzu:i6-t",
"Chinese", "",
"" (Word 65535) - Simon Greenhill (2010-12-08 02:18:51)
- Changed #183869 from "*hwa:i6-t",
"Chinese", "",
"" (Word 65535) - Simon Greenhill (2010-12-08 02:18:51)
- Changed #183881 from "*ŋu4",
"Chinese loanword", "",
"" (Word 65535) - Simon Greenhill (2010-12-08 02:18:51)
Entries:
ID: |
Word: |
Item: |
Annotation: |
Cognacy: |
Loan: |
1 |
hand |
*k-mja1-t |
|
1 |
|
2 |
left |
|
|
|
|
3 |
right |
*hwa1 |
|
1? |
|
4 |
leg/foot |
*kwa1 |
leg |
42 |
|
4 |
leg/foot |
*ti:n1 |
foot |
12 |
|
5 |
to walk |
*pa:i1 |
to go, walk |
54 |
|
5 |
to walk |
*cha:m3 |
to walk, crawl |
75 |
|
6 |
road/path |
|
|
|
|
7 |
to come |
*hma1 |
to arrive |
1 |
|
7 |
to come |
*taŋ1 |
reach |
4 |
|
8 |
to turn
|
|
|
|
|
9 |
to swim |
|
|
|
|
10 |
dirty |
|
|
|
|
11 |
dust |
|
|
|
|
12 |
skin |
*hŋra1 |
|
|
|
13 |
back
|
*hla:i1 |
back[bone] |
63 |
|
13 |
back
|
*lun2 |
back, behind |
|
|
14 |
belly |
*luŋ2 |
|
59 |
|
15 |
bone |
*tla:k7 |
|
4 |
|
16 |
intestines |
*khja:i3 |
|
47 |
|
17 |
liver |
*tap7 |
|
1? |
|
18 |
breast |
|
|
|
|
19 |
shoulder |
|
|
|
|
20 |
to know, be knowledgeable |
|
|
|
|
21 |
to think |
|
|
|
|
22 |
to fear |
|
|
|
|
23 |
blood |
*phla:t7 |
|
28 |
|
24 |
head |
*kru3-f |
|
1 |
|
25 |
neck |
|
|
|
|
26 |
hair
|
*pram1 |
|
47 |
|
27 |
nose |
*ʔnaŋ1 |
|
1 |
|
28 |
to breathe |
|
|
|
|
29 |
to sniff, smell |
*nun4 |
|
38 |
|
30 |
mouth |
*pa:k7 |
|
1? |
|
31 |
tooth |
*pjwan1 |
|
1 |
|
32 |
tongue |
*ma2 |
|
1 |
|
33 |
to laugh |
*kru1 |
|
72 |
|
34 |
to cry |
*ʔȵe3-i |
|
51 |
|
35 |
to vomit |
*trwak7 |
|
1 |
|
36 |
to spit |
|
|
|
|
37 |
to eat |
*ca:n1 |
|
1 |
|
38 |
to chew
|
*hma:k7 |
|
38 |
|
38 |
to chew
|
*hna:i5 |
|
40 |
|
39 |
to cook
|
|
|
|
|
40 |
to drink |
*trwap7 |
|
|
|
41 |
to bite |
*krip7 |
|
29 |
|
42 |
to suck |
|
|
|
|
43 |
ear |
*khra1 |
|
8 |
|
44 |
to hear |
|
|
|
|
45 |
eye |
*thla1 |
|
1? |
|
46 |
to see |
*ʔlun1 |
|
|
|
46 |
to see |
*ɗai3 |
|
68 |
|
47 |
to yawn |
|
|
|
|
48 |
to sleep |
*nu:n2 |
|
66 |
|
49 |
to lie down
|
|
|
|
|
50 |
to dream |
*pwjan1 |
|
8 |
|
51 |
to sit |
*dzu:i6-t |
Chinese |
|
L |
52 |
to stand |
|
|
|
|
53 |
person/human being |
*la:k8 |
= child |
|
|
54 |
man/male |
*mpa:n1 |
|
52 |
|
55 |
woman/female |
*ɓja:k7 |
|
|
|
56 |
child |
*la:k8 |
|
1 |
|
57 |
husband |
*ʔre1 |
|
35 |
|
58 |
wife |
|
|
|
|
59 |
mother |
|
|
|
|
60 |
father |
|
|
|
|
61 |
house |
*hra:n1 |
|
46 |
|
62 |
thatch/roof |
|
|
|
|
63 |
name |
|
|
|
|
64 |
to say |
|
|
|
|
65 |
rope |
*ʔla:k7 |
|
30 |
|
66 |
to tie up, fasten |
|
|
|
|
67 |
to sew
|
|
|
|
|
68 |
needle |
|
|
|
|
69 |
to hunt
|
|
|
|
|
70 |
to shoot
|
|
|
|
|
71 |
to stab, pierce |
|
|
|
|
72 |
to hit
|
*dai2 |
|
|
|
73 |
to steal |
*hljak7 |
|
34 |
|
74 |
to kill |
|
|
|
|
75 |
to die, be dead |
*pjai1 |
|
1 |
|
76 |
to live, be alive |
*ɗip7 |
raw, live |
1 |
|
77 |
to scratch
|
|
|
|
|
78 |
to cut, hack
|
*kat7 |
|
|
|
78 |
to cut, hack
|
*ka:t7 |
|
|
|
79 |
stick/wood |
|
|
|
|
80 |
to split
|
*pha5 |
|
58 |
|
80 |
to split
|
*hma:k7 |
|
|
|
81 |
sharp |
*hra:i5 |
to be sharp |
47? |
|
82 |
dull, blunt |
*dip8 |
|
|
|
83 |
to work
|
|
|
|
|
84 |
to plant |
*mpra1 |
|
1 |
|
84 |
to plant |
*ljum2 |
|
|
|
84 |
to plant |
*ʔdram1 |
to transplant (rice seedlings) |
|
|
85 |
to choose |
*la:i6 |
|
26 |
|
86 |
to grow
|
|
|
|
|
87 |
to swell
|
|
|
|
|
88 |
to squeeze
|
|
|
|
|
89 |
to hold
|
|
|
|
|
90 |
to dig |
|
|
|
|
91 |
to buy |
*trai3 |
|
35 |
|
92 |
to open, uncover |
|
|
|
|
93 |
to pound, beat
|
|
|
|
|
94 |
to throw
|
|
|
|
|
95 |
to fall
|
*tuk7 |
to drop |
76 |
|
95 |
to fall
|
*lai4 |
fall |
|
|
96 |
dog |
*k-hma1 |
|
61 |
|
97 |
bird |
*mluk8 |
|
1 |
|
98 |
egg |
*krai5 |
|
41 |
|
99 |
feather |
|
|
|
|
100 |
wing |
*pwa5 |
|
53 |
|
101 |
to fly |
|
|
|
|
102 |
rat |
*hnu3 |
|
59 |
|
103 |
meat/flesh |
*na:n4 |
|
58 |
|
104 |
fat/grease |
*man2 |
oil |
1 |
|
105 |
tail |
*khjut7 |
|
|
|
106 |
snake |
*dzu:i2 |
|
52 |
|
107 |
worm (earthworm) |
*dzan4 |
|
44 |
|
108 |
louse
|
*nan1'' |
|
|
|
109 |
mosquito |
|
|
|
|
110 |
spider |
|
|
|
|
111 |
fish |
*mprai3 |
|
64 |
|
111 |
fish |
*pa1 |
|
64 |
|
111 |
fish |
*mum6 |
|
63 |
|
112 |
rotten
|
*na:u6 |
|
34 |
|
113 |
branch
|
*ʔŋa5 |
|
29 |
|
113 |
branch
|
*ciŋ5 |
|
|
|
114 |
leaf |
*pwa5 |
|
2? |
|
115 |
root |
*kja:ŋ1 |
|
|
|
116 |
flower |
*nuk7'' |
|
22 |
|
117 |
fruit |
|
|
|
|
118 |
grass |
|
|
|
|
119 |
earth/soil |
*di6 |
|
58 |
|
120 |
stone |
*pra1 |
|
27 |
|
121 |
sand |
|
|
|
|
122 |
water
|
*ȵam3-ti |
|
1? |
|
123 |
to flow |
|
|
|
|
124 |
sea |
|
|
|
|
125 |
salt |
|
|
|
|
126 |
lake |
|
|
|
|
127 |
woods/forest |
*ɗuŋ1 |
|
|
|
128 |
sky |
*ɓun1 |
|
51 |
|
129 |
moon |
*nüa:n1'' |
|
1 |
|
130 |
star |
*hmlut7 |
|
|
|
130 |
star |
*ʔdra:u1 |
|
1? |
|
131 |
cloud
|
*m-xwa3 |
|
72 |
|
132 |
fog |
*muk8 |
|
53 |
|
133 |
rain |
*xwin1 |
|
37 |
|
134 |
thunder |
*pra3 |
|
60 |
|
134 |
thunder |
*lai6 |
|
|
|
134 |
thunder |
*ti:n3 |
|
|
|
135 |
lightning |
*ʔdla:p7 |
|
55 |
|
136 |
wind |
*hlwum1 |
|
63 |
|
137 |
to blow
|
*hwa:t7 |
to blow (wind) |
|
|
137 |
to blow
|
*dzup8 |
|
1? |
|
138 |
warm
|
|
|
|
|
139 |
cold
|
*hnu1 |
|
72 |
|
140 |
dry
|
|
|
|
|
141 |
wet |
*ʔrak7 |
|
60? |
|
142 |
heavy |
|
|
|
|
143 |
fire |
*pwai1 |
|
1 |
|
144 |
to burn
|
|
|
|
|
145 |
smoke
|
|
|
|
|
146 |
ash |
*phwu:k7 |
|
38 |
|
146 |
ash |
phla:u5 |
|
39 |
|
147 |
black |
*ʔnam1 |
|
1 |
|
148 |
white |
|
|
|
|
149 |
red |
|
|
|
|
150 |
yellow |
|
|
|
|
151 |
green |
|
|
|
|
152 |
small |
|
|
|
|
153 |
big |
|
|
|
|
154 |
short
|
*thrin3 |
|
64 |
|
155 |
long
|
*ʔra:i3 |
|
65 |
|
156 |
thin
|
*ɓwa:ŋ1 |
|
39? |
|
157 |
thick
|
*ʔna1 |
|
47 |
|
158 |
narrow |
|
|
|
|
159 |
wide |
|
|
|
|
160 |
painful, sick |
|
|
|
|
161 |
shy, ashamed |
|
|
|
|
162 |
old
|
*ka:u5-v |
old (of things) |
93 |
|
163 |
new |
*hmai5 |
|
34 |
|
164 |
good |
*ɗa:i1 |
|
87 |
|
165 |
bad, evil |
*hwa:i6-t |
Chinese |
|
L |
166 |
correct, true |
|
|
|
|
167 |
night |
*ʔȵam5 |
evening |
55 |
|
168 |
day |
*hŋwan1 |
|
41? |
|
169 |
year |
*mpe1 |
|
52 |
|
170 |
when?
|
|
|
|
|
171 |
to hide
|
|
|
|
|
172 |
to climb
|
*cha5 |
to ascend |
26 |
|
173 |
at |
|
|
|
|
174 |
in, inside |
|
|
|
|
175 |
above |
|
|
|
|
176 |
below |
*te3 |
|
50 |
|
177 |
this |
*na:i6 |
|
1 |
|
178 |
that |
|
|
|
|
179 |
near |
*phlai5 |
|
73 |
|
180 |
far |
*kla:i1-v |
|
54 |
|
181 |
where?
|
|
|
|
|
182 |
I |
|
|
|
|
183 |
thou |
|
|
|
|
184 |
he/she |
|
|
|
|
185 |
we
|
*tra:u1 |
inclusive |
11 |
|
186 |
you |
|
|
|
|
187 |
they |
|
|
|
|
188 |
what?
|
|
|
|
|
189 |
who?
|
|
|
|
|
190 |
other |
|
|
|
|
191 |
all |
|
|
|
|
192 |
and |
|
|
|
|
193 |
if |
|
|
|
|
194 |
how?
|
|
|
|
|
195 |
no, not |
|
|
|
|
196 |
to count |
*ȵai6'-i |
|
|
|
197 |
One
|
|
|
|
|
198 |
Two
|
*hra1 |
|
18 |
|
199 |
Three
|
|
|
|
|
200 |
Four
|
|
|
|
|
201 |
Five
|
*ŋu4 |
Chinese loanword |
|
L |
202 |
Six
|
*ljuk8 |
Chinese loanword |
|
L |
203 |
Seven
|
|
|
|
|
204 |
Eight
|
*pja:t7 |
Chinese loanword |
|
L |
205 |
Nine
|
|
|
|
|
206 |
Ten
|
|
|
|
|
207 |
Twenty
|
|
|
|
|
208 |
Fifty
|
|
|
|
|
209 |
One Hundred
|
|
|
|
|
210 |
One Thousand
|
|
|
|
|