Language: Proto-Malayo-Polynesian
| Source/Author: | Blust (1993) |
| Identifiers: | ISO-639-3: Glottocode: mala1545 |
| Notes: | Blust, R. (1999). Subgrouping, circularity and extinction: Some issues in Austronesian comparative linguistics. In Zeitoun, E., & Li, P. J-K., Selected Papers From the 8th International Conference on Austronesian Linguistics. Taipei, Taiwan: Academica Sinica |
| Problems: | Andreea: changed entry 10, to replace capital [D] with [d] ('dirty'). |
| Data Entry: | Typed By: Simon Greenhill Checked By: Simon Greenhill |
| Statistics: |
|
| Classification: | Austronesian:Malayo-Polynesian:(Proto) |
| Map | Sorry, no map co-ordinates found for this language. |
Resources:
Change History:
Showing all of 18 entries
- Changed from "*qalíma" (Word 1) - Laurie Reid (2016-06-14 17:51:47)
- Changed from "*qalíma" (Word 1) - Laurie Reid (2016-06-14 17:48:43)
- Changed from "*qalima" (Word 1) - Laurie Reid (2016-06-14 17:21:32)
- Changed from "*[qa]lima" (Word 1) - Laurie Reid (2016-06-14 17:18:10)
- Changed from "*qalima" (Word 1) - Laurie Reid (2016-06-14 17:16:39)
- Changed from "*qalima" (Word 1) - Laurie Reid (2016-06-14 17:03:26)
- Changed from "*[qa]lima" (Word 1) - Laurie Reid (2016-06-14 16:56:51)
- Changed #241163 from "tangan",
"", "",
"" (Word 65535) - Simon Greenhill (2012-01-16 10:54:42)
- Source: Suhana Bt Sarkawi (Word 1) - Simon Greenhill (2012-01-16 10:54:12)
- Source: Blust 2009 via Andrew C. Hsiu (Word 14) - Simon Greenhill (2010-11-15 02:44:45)
- Source: Blust (2009) The Austronesian Languages. (Word 61) - Simon Greenhill (2010-11-08 23:38:21)
- Changed from "*ʀumaq" (Word 61) - Simon Greenhill (2010-11-08 23:37:56)
- Changed from "*bale", update from Blust (2009) The Austronesian Languages. (Word 61) - Simon Greenhill (2010-11-08 23:37:56)
- Source: Andrew C Hsiu (Word 201) - Simon Greenhill (2010-08-24 23:41:19)
- Source: Andrew C Hsiu (Word 61) - Simon Greenhill (2010-08-24 23:40:57)
- Updated Language Details - Simon Greenhill (2010-03-05 02:30:22)
- Changed from "*panaw" (Word 5) - Simon Greenhill (2010-01-18 03:32:06)
- Source: Malcolm Ross (Word 124) - Simon Greenhill (2008-01-12 09:04:05)
Entries:
| ID: |
Word: |
Item: |
Annotation: |
Cognacy: |
Loan: |
| 1 |
hand |
*qalíma |
Reid reconstruction. *qa-líma < *limá "five" |
1 |
|
| 2 |
left |
*ka-wiʀi |
|
1, 42 |
|
| 3 |
right |
*ka-wanan |
|
1, 62 |
|
| 4 |
leg/foot |
*qaqay |
|
1 |
|
| 5 |
to walk |
*lakaw |
|
1 |
|
| 5 |
to walk |
*paNaw |
|
2 |
|
| 6 |
road/path |
*zalan |
|
1 |
|
| 7 |
to come |
*maʀi |
|
1 |
|
| 8 |
to turn
|
*biliŋ |
doublets *biliŋ *ileŋ |
4 |
|
| 8 |
to turn
|
*puter |
|
1 |
|
| 9 |
to swim |
*laŋuy |
|
1 |
|
| 9 |
to swim |
*naŋuy |
|
1, 45 |
|
| 10 |
dirty |
*cemed |
(?) |
26 |
|
| 11 |
dust |
*qabuk |
Doublets *apuk and *qabuk classified together as the p/b merger in Oceanic makes discrimination impossible. |
1 |
|
| 11 |
dust |
*qapuk |
Doublets *apuk and *qabuk classified together as the p/b merger in Oceanic makes discrimination impossible. |
1 |
|
| 12 |
skin |
*kulit |
|
1 |
|
| 13 |
back
|
*likud |
|
1 |
|
| 14 |
belly |
*tian |
|
1 |
|
| 14 |
belly |
*kempuŋ |
|
2 |
|
| 15 |
bone |
*tuqelan |
|
1 |
|
| 15 |
bone |
*tuqelaŋ |
doublets treated as one set |
1 |
|
| 16 |
intestines |
*tinaqi |
|
1 |
|
| 17 |
liver |
*qatay |
|
1 |
|
| 18 |
breast |
*susu |
|
1 |
|
| 19 |
shoulder |
*qabaʀa |
|
1 |
|
| 20 |
to know, be knowledgeable |
*taqu |
|
1 |
|
| 21 |
to think |
*demdem |
|
13 |
|
| 22 |
to fear |
*ma-takut |
|
1 |
|
| 23 |
blood |
*daʀaq |
|
1 |
|
| 24 |
head |
*qulu |
|
1 |
|
| 25 |
neck |
*liqeʀ |
|
1 |
|
| 26 |
hair
|
*buhek |
|
1, 65 |
|
| 27 |
nose |
*ijuŋ |
|
1 |
|
| 27 |
nose |
*ujuŋ |
|
1 |
|
| 28 |
to breathe |
*mañawa |
|
1 |
|
| 29 |
to sniff, smell |
*hajek |
|
1 |
|
| 30 |
mouth |
*baqbaq |
|
1 |
|
| 31 |
tooth |
*ipen |
|
1, 50 |
|
| 31 |
tooth |
*nipen |
|
1 |
|
| 32 |
tongue |
*dilaq |
|
4 |
|
| 32 |
tongue |
*hema |
|
1 |
|
| 33 |
to laugh |
*tawa |
|
1 |
|
| 34 |
to cry |
*taŋis |
|
1 |
|
| 35 |
to vomit |
*utaq |
|
1 |
|
| 36 |
to spit |
*luzaq |
|
1 |
|
| 37 |
to eat |
*kaen |
|
1 |
|
| 38 |
to chew
|
*mamaq |
|
1 |
|
| 39 |
to cook
|
*tanek |
|
1 |
|
| 39 |
to cook
|
*zakan |
|
2 |
|
| 40 |
to drink |
*inum |
|
1 |
|
| 41 |
to bite |
*kaʀat |
|
1 |
|
| 42 |
to suck |
*sepsep |
|
1 |
|
| 43 |
ear |
*taliŋa |
|
1 |
|
| 44 |
to hear |
*deŋeʀ |
|
1 |
|
| 45 |
eye |
*mata |
|
1 |
|
| 46 |
to see |
*kita |
|
1 |
|
| 47 |
to yawn |
*ma-huab |
|
19 |
|
| 48 |
to sleep |
*tiduʀ |
|
1 |
|
| 48 |
to sleep |
*tuduʀ |
|
1 |
|
| 49 |
to lie down
|
*qinep |
|
1 |
|
| 50 |
to dream |
*hipi |
|
1, 42 |
|
| 51 |
to sit |
*tudan |
|
1 |
|
| 52 |
to stand |
*diʀi |
|
1 |
|
| 52 |
to stand |
*tuqud |
|
2 |
|
| 53 |
person/human being |
*tau |
|
1 |
|
| 54 |
man/male |
*laki |
|
2 |
|
| 54 |
man/male |
*ma-ʀuqanay |
|
1 |
|
| 55 |
woman/female |
*bahi |
|
1 |
|
| 56 |
child |
*anak |
|
1 |
|
| 57 |
husband |
*bana |
|
1 |
|
| 57 |
husband |
*qasawa |
|
2 |
|
| 58 |
wife |
*qasawa |
|
1 |
|
| 59 |
mother |
*t-ina |
|
1 |
|
| 60 |
father |
*t-ama |
|
1 |
|
| 61 |
house |
*ʀumaq |
house, family dwelling |
1 |
|
| 61 |
house |
*balay |
house, building for public use |
14 |
|
| 61 |
house |
*banua |
land, village, house, country, sky, heaven |
|
|
| 62 |
thatch/roof |
*qatep |
|
1 |
|
| 63 |
name |
*ŋajan |
|
1 |
|
| 64 |
to say |
*kaʀi |
|
1 |
|
| 64 |
to say |
*tutur |
|
2 |
|
| 65 |
rope |
*talih |
|
1 |
|
| 66 |
to tie up, fasten |
*hiket |
|
1 |
|
| 67 |
to sew
|
*tahiq |
|
1 |
|
| 67 |
to sew
|
*zaqit |
|
2 |
|
| 68 |
needle |
*zaʀum |
|
1 |
|
| 69 |
to hunt
|
*qanup |
|
1 |
|
| 70 |
to shoot
|
*panaq |
|
1 |
|
| 71 |
to stab, pierce |
*suksuk |
|
1 |
|
| 72 |
to hit
|
*palu |
|
1 |
|
| 73 |
to steal |
*takaw |
|
1 |
|
| 74 |
to kill |
*bunuq |
|
1 |
|
| 75 |
to die, be dead |
*m-atay |
|
1 |
|
| 76 |
to live, be alive |
*ma-qudip |
|
1 |
|
| 77 |
to scratch
|
*kaʀaw |
|
1 |
|
| 78 |
to cut, hack
|
*taʀaq |
|
1 |
|
| 78 |
to cut, hack
|
*tektek |
|
3 |
|
| 79 |
stick/wood |
*kahiw |
|
1 |
|
| 80 |
to split
|
*belaq |
|
1 |
|
| 80 |
to split
|
*silaq |
|
40 |
|
| 81 |
sharp |
*ma-tazem |
|
1 |
|
| 81 |
sharp |
*tazim |
|
1 |
|
| 82 |
dull, blunt |
*pundul |
|
1 |
|
| 82 |
dull, blunt |
*dumpul |
|
3 |
|
| 83 |
to work
|
*quma |
|
1 |
|
| 84 |
to plant |
*mula |
|
1 |
|
| 85 |
to choose |
*piliq |
|
1 |
|
| 86 |
to grow
|
*tu[m]buq |
|
1 |
|
| 87 |
to swell
|
*baʀeq |
|
1 |
|
| 88 |
to squeeze
|
*pereq |
|
1 |
|
| 88 |
to squeeze
|
*peʀes |
|
42 |
|
| 89 |
to hold
|
*gemgem |
|
1 |
|
| 90 |
to dig |
*kali |
|
1 |
|
| 91 |
to buy |
*beli |
|
1 |
|
| 92 |
to open, uncover |
*buka |
|
1 |
|
| 93 |
to pound, beat
|
*bayu |
|
1 |
|
| 93 |
to pound, beat
|
*tuktuk |
|
2 |
|
| 93 |
to pound, beat
|
*tutu |
|
20 |
|
| 94 |
to throw
|
*tudaq |
|
1 |
|
| 95 |
to fall
|
*nabuq |
|
1 |
|
| 96 |
dog |
*asu |
|
1 |
|
| 97 |
bird |
*manuk |
|
1 |
|
| 97 |
bird |
*qayam |
|
2 |
|
| 98 |
egg |
*qateluʀ |
|
1, 61 |
|
| 98 |
egg |
*qiteluʀ |
|
1 |
|
| 99 |
feather |
*bulu |
|
1 |
|
| 100 |
wing |
*kapak |
|
1 |
|
| 100 |
wing |
*panid |
|
2 |
|
| 101 |
to fly |
*ʀebek |
|
1 |
|
| 101 |
to fly |
*layap |
|
2 |
|
| 102 |
rat |
*labaw |
|
1 |
|
| 103 |
meat/flesh |
*hesi |
|
1 |
|
| 103 |
meat/flesh |
*isi |
|
31 |
|
| 104 |
fat/grease |
*meñak |
|
1, 65 |
|
| 104 |
fat/grease |
*himaʀ |
|
2 |
|
| 104 |
fat/grease |
*miñak |
|
1 |
|
| 105 |
tail |
*ikuʀ |
|
1 |
|
| 106 |
snake |
*nipay |
|
1 |
|
| 106 |
snake |
*hulaʀ |
|
2 |
|
| 107 |
worm (earthworm) |
*kalati |
distinguish from qali-wati, LS |
1, 69 |
|
| 107 |
worm (earthworm) |
*qali-wati |
distinguish from *kalati, LS |
1 |
|
| 108 |
louse
|
*kutu |
|
1 |
|
| 109 |
mosquito |
*ñamuk |
|
1 |
|
| 110 |
spider |
*lawaq |
|
1 |
|
| 111 |
fish |
*hikan |
|
1 |
|
| 112 |
rotten
|
*ma-buʀuk |
|
1 |
|
| 112 |
rotten
|
*ma-busuk |
|
56 |
|
| 113 |
branch
|
*daqan |
|
1 |
|
| 114 |
leaf |
*dahun |
|
1 |
|
| 115 |
root |
*uʀat |
|
1 |
|
| 115 |
root |
*wakaʀ |
|
2 |
|
| 116 |
flower |
*buŋa |
|
1 |
|
| 117 |
fruit |
*buaq |
|
1 |
|
| 118 |
grass |
*baliji |
|
1 |
|
| 119 |
earth/soil |
*tanaq |
|
1 |
|
| 119 |
earth/soil |
*taneq |
|
1 |
|
| 120 |
stone |
*batu |
|
1 |
|
| 121 |
sand |
*qenay |
|
1 |
|
| 122 |
water
|
*danum |
|
1 |
|
| 122 |
water
|
*wahiʀ |
|
2 |
|
| 123 |
to flow |
*qaliʀ |
|
1 |
|
| 123 |
to flow |
*qaluʀ |
|
1 |
|
| 123 |
to flow |
*saliʀ |
|
24 |
|
| 124 |
sea |
*tasik |
|
1 |
|
| 124 |
sea |
*laud |
ocean(wards) |
6 |
|
| 125 |
salt |
*qasiʀa |
|
1 |
|
| 125 |
salt |
*timus |
|
2 |
|
| 126 |
lake |
*danaw |
|
1 |
|
| 127 |
woods/forest |
*alas |
|
1 |
|
| 127 |
woods/forest |
*kahiw-kahiw-an |
|
2 |
|
| 128 |
sky |
*laŋit |
|
1 |
|
| 129 |
moon |
*bulan |
|
1 |
|
| 130 |
star |
*bituqen |
|
1 |
|
| 131 |
cloud
|
*ʀabun |
|
1 |
|
| 132 |
fog |
*kabut |
|
1 |
|
| 133 |
rain |
*quzan |
|
1 |
|
| 134 |
thunder |
*gurgur |
overlap between these proto-forms |
1 |
|
| 134 |
thunder |
*kudug |
overlap between these proto-forms |
2, 96 |
|
| 134 |
thunder |
*deruŋ |
overlap between these proto-forms |
3 |
|
| 135 |
lightning |
*kilat |
1 and 2 might be the same cognate |
1 |
|
| 135 |
lightning |
*qusilaq |
|
2 |
|
| 136 |
wind |
*haŋin |
|
1 |
|
| 137 |
to blow
|
*hiup |
|
1 |
|
| 138 |
warm
|
*ma-panas |
|
|
|
| 139 |
cold
|
*ma-diŋdiŋ |
|
1 |
|
| 140 |
dry
|
*ma-ʀaŋaw |
|
1 |
|
| 141 |
wet |
*ma-baseq |
|
1 |
|
| 142 |
heavy |
*ma-beʀeqat |
|
1, 63 |
|
| 143 |
fire |
*hapuy |
|
1 |
|
| 144 |
to burn
|
*tunu |
|
1 |
|
| 145 |
smoke
|
*qebel |
|
1 |
|
| 145 |
smoke
|
*qasu |
|
2 |
|
| 146 |
ash |
*qabu |
|
1 |
|
| 147 |
black |
*ma-qitem |
|
1 |
|
| 148 |
white |
*ma-putiq |
|
1 |
|
| 149 |
red |
*ma-iʀaq |
|
1 |
|
| 150 |
yellow |
*ma-kunij |
|
1 |
|
| 151 |
green |
*mataq |
|
1 |
|
| 152 |
small |
*dikiq |
|
138 |
|
| 152 |
small |
*kedi |
|
2 |
|
| 153 |
big |
*ma-ʀaya |
|
1 |
|
| 154 |
short
|
*ma-babaq |
|
54 |
|
| 155 |
long
|
*anaduq |
|
1 |
|
| 156 |
thin
|
*ma-nipis |
|
1 |
|
| 157 |
thick
|
*ma-kapal |
|
1 |
|
| 158 |
narrow |
*kepit |
|
48 |
|
| 159 |
wide |
*ma-labeʀ |
|
49 |
|
| 160 |
painful, sick |
*ma-sakit |
|
1 |
|
| 161 |
shy, ashamed |
*ma-hiaq |
|
1 |
|
| 162 |
old
|
*ma-tuqah |
|
1 |
|
| 163 |
new |
*ma-baqeʀu |
|
1 |
|
| 164 |
good |
*ma-pia |
|
1 |
|
| 165 |
bad, evil |
*zaqat |
|
1 |
|
| 166 |
correct, true |
*ma-bener |
|
1 |
|
| 167 |
night |
*beʀŋi |
|
1 |
|
| 168 |
day |
*qalejaw |
|
1 |
|
| 169 |
year |
*taqun |
|
1 |
|
| 170 |
when?
|
*p-ijan |
|
1, 26 |
|
| 171 |
to hide
|
*buni |
|
1 |
|
| 172 |
to climb
|
*pa-nahik |
|
1, 61 |
|
| 172 |
to climb
|
*dakih |
|
34 |
|
| 173 |
at |
*i |
|
1 |
|
| 173 |
at |
*di |
|
20 |
|
| 174 |
in, inside |
*i-dalem |
|
1 |
|
| 175 |
above |
*i-taqas |
|
1 |
|
| 175 |
above |
*i-babaw |
|
2 |
|
| 176 |
below |
*i babaq |
|
1 |
|
| 177 |
this |
*i ni |
|
1 |
|
| 178 |
that |
*i na |
|
1 |
|
| 179 |
near |
*ma-azani |
|
1, 35 |
|
| 180 |
far |
*ma-zauq |
|
1 |
|
| 181 |
where?
|
*i nu |
|
1 |
|
| 182 |
I |
*i-aku |
|
1 |
|
| 183 |
thou |
*i-kahu |
|
1 |
|
| 184 |
he/she |
*si-ia |
|
1 |
|
| 185 |
we
|
*i-kita |
|
1 |
|
| 185 |
we
|
*kami |
|
2, 52 |
|
| 186 |
you |
*i-kamu |
|
1 |
|
| 186 |
you |
*kamiu |
|
1, 13 |
|
| 187 |
they |
*si-ida |
|
1 |
|
| 188 |
what?
|
*apa |
|
1, 66 |
|
| 188 |
what?
|
*-anu |
|
2, 18 |
|
| 189 |
who?
|
*i-sai |
|
1 |
|
| 190 |
other |
*duma |
|
1 |
|
| 190 |
other |
*laqin |
|
2 |
|
| 191 |
all |
*amin |
|
1 |
|
| 192 |
and |
*ka |
|
1 |
|
| 192 |
and |
*ma |
|
2 |
|
| 193 |
if |
*ka |
|
1 |
|
| 193 |
if |
*nu |
|
2, 70 |
|
| 194 |
how?
|
*kuja |
|
1 |
|
| 194 |
how?
|
*kua |
|
1 |
|
| 195 |
no, not |
*qazi |
|
1 |
|
| 195 |
no, not |
*diaq |
|
|
|
| 196 |
to count |
*ihap |
|
2 |
|
| 197 |
One
|
*esa |
|
1 |
|
| 197 |
One
|
*isa |
|
1 |
|
| 198 |
Two
|
*duha |
|
1 |
|
| 199 |
Three
|
*telu |
|
1 |
|
| 200 |
Four
|
*epat |
|
1 |
|
| 201 |
Five
|
*lima |
|
1 |
|
| 202 |
Six
|
 |
|
|
|
| 203 |
Seven
|
|
|
|
|
| 204 |
Eight
|
|
|
|
|
| 205 |
Nine
|
|
|
|
|
| 206 |
Ten
|
|
|
|
|
| 207 |
Twenty
|
|
|
|
|
| 208 |
Fifty
|
|
|
|
|
| 209 |
One Hundred
|
|
|
|
|
| 210 |
One Thousand
|
|
|
|
|
[Suggest a resource]
